Tower Tonnage:
RR / 3

GPM RR:
Tower Tonnage × 3

VOLUME:
1.5 × sump or
5 × RR or
Evap C = RR × 1.83

CYCLES (COC):
Tower TDS / MU TDS

EVAP (E) gpm:
E = 1% × RR per 10 F

Make up (MU) gpm:
(Evap × COC) / (COC - 1)

Blow Down (BD) gpm:
E / (COC - 1)

Holding Time Index (HTI) Hrs:
0.693(V/BD)

CR = 3gpm / ton

E = 3gpm / 100 ton

((ppm / COC) / 120) × ((MU gpm × 1440) / 1000))
or
(ppm / 120) × (BD(gpm) x 1440) / 1000

slug:
(ppm / 120) × (Volume system / 1000)

Basic Calculations Necessary to Survive in the Field - Part I: Cooling Water

Cycles of Concentration

Bio-Matrix: Oxidizers

Bio-Matrix: Non-Oxidizers

Guidelines on Corrosion Coupons

Cooling Water Management Best Practices

Legionella: An Update and Statement By AWT

White Rust

Guidelines for Treatment of Systems Containing Enhanced and Super Enhanced Tubes

Microbiological Control in Industrial Cooling Towers

Cleaning Galvanized Cooling Towers

Cooling Tower System Design and Operation

Cooling Tower Inspection

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion

Boiler Horsepower × 34.5 = # steam / hr

CYCLES (COC):
Boiler TDS / FW TDS

((ppm / COC) / 120) × (MU gpm × 1440 / 1000)
or
(ppm / 120) × (BD(gpm) x 1440) / 1000

BD: Blow Down

BW: Boiler Water

COC:Cycles of Concentration; Cycles

FW: Feed Water

MU: Make Up

Mmhos: millimhos

ppm: parts-per-million

Annual AVG Steam Load:
#/hr

Cycles of Concentration:
cycles

Hours/Day:
hours

Days/Year:
days

City Water Cost:
$/gal

MU Conductivity:
Mmhos

FW Conductivity:
Mmhos

Condensate Conductivity:
Mmhos

Operating Hours:
min/yr

MU Water Flow:
gpm

FW Flow:
gpm

BD Rate:
gpm

Annual MU:
gal

Annual BD:
gal

Actual % Condensate Return:
%

MM pounds per year:
MM lbs

Condensate Flow Rate:
gpm

Steam Flow:
gpm

Annual Water Costs:
$/yr

Basic Calculations Necessary to Survive in the Field - Part III: Boiler Water

Field Determination of Boiler Deposits

Boiler Pretreatment Matrix

Flow Diagram of a Boiler Plant

A Brief Discussion on Boiler Water Treatment

Boiler Water Treatment Chemicals, Feed and Control

Boiler Feed Points

Boiler Water Treatment Chemical Guidelines: Part 1

Boiler Water Treatment Chemical Guidelines: Part 2

Exchange Capacity:
30,000 gr/ft³ @ 15 lbs salt

Peak Flow Rate:
5 gpm/ft³ resin

17.1 ppm total hardness = 1 grain

Basic Calculations Necessary to Survive in the Field - Part 2: Pretreatment

Sodium Zeolite Water Softener Calculations

Pretreatment Water Analysis Tips and Recommendations

Peak Flow Rate:
3 gpm/ft³ resin

Exchange Capacity:
10,000 gr/ft³ @ 5 lbs salt

Exchange Capacity:
13,000 gr/ft³ @ 5 lbs salt w/ NaOH

0.25 lbs NaOH per ft³ of resin

Basic Calculations Necessary to Survive in the Field - Part 1: Cooling Water

Dealalizer Calculation and Survey

Reverse Osmosis Calculations and Survey

Using RO for Boiler Pretreatment

A tolerance of -0.3 to +0.3 is the ideal range for swimming pools

A tolerance of -0.5 to +0.5 is acceptable for swimming pools

A Saturation Index of higher than +0.5 indicates carbonate scale formation.

A Saturation Index of lower than -0.5 indicates corrosive water.

Dosage Required = (Volume of Water to be treated x PPM)/1,000,000

Pound Required = (Target ppm/120) x (Volume Water/1000)

Feed Factor = 100/Percent Solution (as percent)

Percent Solution = 100 X (Volume of Polymer/Total Solution Volume) (*Volumes must be in same units)

Percent Removal = ((influent - Effluent)/ Influent) x 100

This is used to calculate the removal efficiency for BOD, TOC, COD, TSS, FOG, etc

Floculant Make down

Day Tank addition Calculation

Floculant Volume Added = (Desired Flocculent Make Down Percent/100) x Day Tank Volume x unit desired conversion

Tower kW:
RR / 3.22

L/m RR:
Tower kW × 3.22

VOLUME:
1.5 × sump or
5 × RR or
Evap C = RR × 1.83

CYCLES (COC):
Tower TDS / MU TDS

EVAP (E) LPM:
E = 1% × RR per 10 F

Make up (MU) LPM:
(Evap × COC) / (COC - 1)

Blow Down (BD) LPM:
E / (COC - 1)

Holding Time Index (HTI) Hrs:
0.693(V/BD)

CR = 3.22 LPM / KW

E = 1 LPM / 31 KW

( (ppm / 120) × ( (BD(LPM) / 3.785 ) x 1440) / 1000 ) / 2.204 = kg/day

slug:
( (ppm / 120) × (Volume Liters / 3.785) / 1000 ) / 2.204 = kg/day

Basic Calculations Necessary to Survive in the Field - Part I: Cooling Water

Cycles of Concentration

Bio-Matrix: Oxidizers

Bio-Matrix: Non-Oxidizers

Guidelines on Corrosion Coupons

Cooling Water Management Best Practices

Legionella: An Update and Statement By AWT

White Rust

Guidelines for Treatment of Systems Containing Enhanced and Super Enhanced Tubes

Microbiological Control in Industrial Cooling Towers

Cleaning Galvanized Cooling Towers

Cooling Tower System Design and Operation

Cooling Tower Inspection

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion

Boiler Horsepower × 34.5 = # steam / hr

CYCLES (COC):
Boiler TDS / FW TDS

((ppm / COC) / 120) × (MU gpm × 1440 / 1000)
or
(ppm / 120) × (BD(gpm) x 1440) / 1000

BD: Blow Down

BW: Boiler Water

COC:Cycles of Concentration; Cycles

FW: Feed Water

MU: Make Up

Mmhos: millimhos

ppm: parts-per-million

Annual AVG Steam Load:
#/hr

Cycles of Concentration:
cycles

Hours/Day:
hours

Days/Year:
days

City Water Cost:
$/m3

MU Conductivity:
Mmhos

FW Conductivity:
Mmhos

Condensate Conductivity:
Mmhos

Operating Hours:
min/yr

MU Water Flow:
L/m

FW Flow:
L/m

BD Rate:
L/m

Annual MU:
gal

Annual BD:
gal

Actual % Condensate Return:
%

MM pounds per year:
MM lbs

Condensate Flow Rate:
L/m

Steam Flow:
L/m

Annual Water Costs:
$/yr

Basic Calculations Necessary to Survive in the Field - Part III: Boiler Water

Field Determination of Boiler Deposits

Boiler Pretreatment Matrix

Flow Diagram of a Boiler Plant

A Brief Discussion on Boiler Water Treatment

Boiler Water Treatment Chemicals, Feed and Control

Boiler Feed Points

Boiler Water Treatment Chemical Guidelines: Part 1

Boiler Water Treatment Chemical Guidelines: Part 2

Exchange Capacity:
1060 mg/L @ 33 Kg salt

Peak Flow Rate:
0.67 lpm per Liter of Resin

1 ft3 = 28.3206 Liters

Basic Calculations Necessary to Survive in the Field - Part 2: Pretreatment

Sodium Zeolite Water Softener Calculations

Pretreatment Water Analysis Tips and Recommendations

Peak Flow Rate:
0.40 lpm per Liter

Exchange Capacity:
353 mg/L @ 11Kg Salt

Exchange Capacity:
459 mg/L @ 11Kg Salt w/NaOH

.55 Kg NaOH

Basic Calculations Necessary to Survive in the Field - Part 1: Cooling Water

Dealalizer Calculation and Survey

Reverse Osmosis Calculations and Survey

Using RO for Boiler Pretreatment

A tolerance of -0.3 to +0.3 is the ideal range for swimming pools

A tolerance of -0.5 to +0.5 is acceptable for swimming pools

A Saturation Index of higher than +0.5 indicates carbonate scale formation.

A Saturation Index of lower than -0.5 indicates corrosive water.

Dosage Required = (Volume of Water to be treated x PPM)/1,000,000

Pound Required = (Target ppm/120) x (Volume Water/1000)

Feed Factor = 100/Percent Solution (as percent)

Percent Solution = 100 X (Volume of Polymer/Total Solution Volume) (*Volumes must be in same units)

Percent Removal = ((influent - Effluent)/ Influent) x 100

This is used to calculate the removal efficiency for BOD, TOC, COD, TSS, FOG, etc

Floculant Make down

Day Tank addition Calculation

Floculant Volume Added = (Desired Flocculent Make Down Percent/100) x Day Tank Volume x unit desired conversion